Bibliografia
1. Cainzos JM, Andreu-Vazquez C, Guadagnini M, Rijpert-Duvivier A, Duffield T. A systematic review of the cost of ketosis in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. (2022) 105:6175-95. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-21539.
2. Gross JJ. Ketosis in dairy cows. In:Gross JJ, , editor. Production Diseases in Farm Animals: Pathophysiology, Prophylaxis and Health Management. Cham: Springer International Publishing (2024). p. 115-133. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-51788-4_6
3. Herdt TH. Metabolic diseases of dairy cattle. Veter Clin North Am. (2013) 29:xi-xii. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.05.001
4. Mulligan FJ, Doherty ML. Production diseases of the transition cow. Vet J. (2008) 176:3-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.018
5. Ingvartsen KL. Feeding- and management-related diseases in the transition cow: physiological adaptations around calving and strategies to reduce feeding-related diseases. Anim Feed Sci Technol. (2006) 126:175-213. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.08.003
6. Mezzetti M, Cattaneo L, Passamonti MM, Lopreiato V, Minuti A, Trevisi E. The transition period updated: a review of the new insights into the adaptation of dairy cows to the new lactation. Dairy. (2021) 2:617-36. doi: 10.3390/dairy2040048
7. Tamminga S. The effect of the supply of rumen degradable protein and metabolisable protein on negative energy balance and fertility in dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci. (2006) 96:227-39. doi: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2006.08.003
8. Buonaiuto G, Lopez-Villalobos N, Costa A, Niero G, Degano L, Mammi LME, et al. Stayability in Simmental cattle as affected by muscularity and body condition score between calvings. Front. Veter. Sci. (2023) 10:1141286. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.114128
9. Plaizier JC, Martin A, Duffield T, Bagg R, Dick P, McBride BW. Effect of a prepartum administration of monensin in a controlled-release capsule on apparent digestibilities and nitrogen utilization in transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2000) 83:2918-25. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)75192-7
10. Gáspárdy A, Schwartz Z, Zöldág L, Veresegyházy T, Fekete S. Changes in daily energy amounts of main milk components (lactose, protein and fat) during the lactation of high-yielding dairy cows. Acta Vet Hung. (2004) 52:457-67. doi: 10.1556/avet.52.2004.4.8
11. Straczek I, Mlynek K, Danielewicz A. The capacity of holstein-friesian and simmental cows to correct a negative energy balance in relation to their performance parameters, course of lactation, and selected milk components. Animals. (2021) 11:1674. doi: 10.3390/ani11061674
12. Bazzano M, Giannetto C, Fazio F, Arfuso F, Giudice E, Piccione G. Metabolic profile of broodmares during late pregnancy and early post-partum. Reprod Domest Anim. (2014) 49:947-53. doi: 10.1111/rda.12411
13. Fiore E, Arfuso F, Gianesella M, Vecchio D, Morgante M, Mazzotta E, et al. Metabolic and hormonal adaptation in Bubalus bubalis around calving and early lactation. PLoS ONE. (2018) 13:e0193803. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193803
14. Fio Fiore E, Gianesella M, Arfuso F, Giudice E, Piccione G, Lora M, et al. Glucose infusion response on some metabolic parameters in dairy cows during transition period. Arch Anim Breed. (2014) 57:3. doi: 10.7482/0003-9438-57-003
15. Arfuso F, Minuti A, Liotta L, Giannetto C, Trevisi E, Piccione G, et al. Stress and inflammatory response of cows and their calves during peripartum and early neonatal period. Theriogenology. (2023) 196:157-66. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.019
16. LeBlanc S. Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period. J Reprod Dev. (2010) 56:S29-35. doi: 10.1262/jrd.1056S29
17. Drackley JK ADSA Foundation Scholar Award. Biology of dairy cows during the transition period: the final frontier? J Dairy Sci. (1999) 82:2259-73. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75474-3
18. Drackley JK, Dann HM, Douglas N, Guretzky NAJ, Litherland NB, Underwood J, et al. Physiological and pathological adaptations in dairy cows that may increase susceptibility to periparturient diseases and disorders. Ital J Anim Sci. (2005) 4:323-44. doi: 10.4081/ijas.2005.323
19. Ospina PA, Nydam DV, Stokol T, Overton TR. Evaluation of nonesterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyrate in transition dairy cattle in the northeastern United States: critical thresholds for prediction of clinical diseases. J Dairy Sci. (2010) 93:546-54. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2277
20. Melendez P, Marin MP, Robles J, Rios C, Duchens M, Archbald L. Relationship between serum nonesterified fatty acids at calving and the incidence of periparturient diseases in Holstein dairy cows. Theriogenology. (2009) 72:826-33. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.001
21. Ster C, Loiselle MC, Lacasse P. Effect of postcalving serum nonesterified fatty acids concentration on the functionality of bovine immune cells. J Dairy Sci. (2012) 95:708-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4695
22. Hammon DS, Evjen IM, Dhiman TR, Goff JP, Walters JL. Neutrophil function and energy status in Holstein cows with uterine health disorders. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. (2006) 113:21-9. doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.03.022
23. Sordillo LM, Mavangira, V. The nexus between nutrient metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in transition cows. Animal Prod Sci. (2014) 54:1204-14. doi: 10.1071/AN14503
24. Sordillo LM, Contreras GA, Aitken SL. Metabolic factors affecting the inflammatory response of periparturient dairy cows. Anim Health Res Rev. (2009) 10:53-63. doi: 10.1017/S1466252309990016
25. Mammi LME, Cavallini D, Fustini M, Fusaro I, Giammarco M, Formigoni A, et al. Calving difficulty influences rumination time and inflammatory profile in Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2021) 104:750-61. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-18867
26. Magro S, Costa A, Cavallini D, Chiarin E, De Marchi M. Phenotypic variation of dairy cows' hematic metabolites and feasibility of non-invasive monitoring of the metabolic status in the transition period. Front Veter Sci. (2024) 11:1437352. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1437352
27. Zhang C, Shao Q, Liu M, Wang X, Loor JJ, Jiang Q, et al. Liver fibrosis is a common pathological change in the liver of dairy cows with fatty liver. J Dairy Sci. (2023) 106:2700-15. doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22021
28. Constable P, Hinchcliff K, Done HS, Grünberg W. Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs and Goats. New York: Saunders Ltd. (2016).
29. Andrews AH, Blowey RW, Boyd H, Eddy RG. Bovine Medicine. Diseases and Husbandry of Cattle. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell. (1992).
30. Gross JJ, Schwarz FJ, Eder K, van Dorland HA, Bruckmaier RM. Liver fat content and lipid metabolism in dairy cows during early lactation and during a mid-lactation feed restriction. J Dairy Sci. (2013) 96:5008-17. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-6245
31. Bobe G, Young JW, Beitz DC. Invited review: pathology, etiology, prevention, and treatment of fatty liver in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2004) 87:3105-24. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73446-3
32. De Koster JD, Opsomer G. Insulin resistance in dairy cows. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. (2013) 29:299. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.04.002
33. Nowak W, Jaśkowski J, Wylegała S. Effects of nutrition in the transition period on the fertility of milking cows. Medycyna Weterynaryjna. (2006) 62:632-6. doi: 10.1080/13693780500411006
34. Gerspach C, Ruetten M. Investigation of coagulation and serum biochemistry profiles in dairy cattle with different degrees of fatty liver. SAT Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde. (2016) 12:811-8. doi: 10.17236/sat00096
35. Djokovic R, Samanc H, Petrovic MD, Ilić Z, Kurćubić V. Relationship among blood metabolites and lipid content in the liver in transitional dairy cows. Biotechnol Animal Husbandry. (2012) 28:705-14. doi: 10.2298/BAH1204705D
36. Abou-Rjeileh U, Neto JD, Chirivi M, O'Boyle N, Salcedo D, Prom C, et al. Oleic acid abomasal infusion limits lipolysis and improves insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue from periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2023) 106:4306-23. doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22402
37. Khan MZ, Ma Y, Xiao J, Chen T, Ma J, Liu S, et al. Role of Selenium and Vitamins E and B9 in the Alleviation of Bovine Mastitis during the Periparturient Period. Antioxidants. (2022) 11:657. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040657
38. Grunder HD. Advantages disadvantages of circulatory and liver protection therapy of cattle. In: The Bovine Practitioner. (1979). doi: 10.21423/bovine-vol1979no14p83-91
39. Morrow DA. Fat cow syndrome. J Dairy Sci. (1976) 59:1625-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(76)84415-3
40. Sakhaee E, Kheirandish R, Jafari H, Yaghoubi MA. Fatty liver syndrome in dairy herds in southeast Iran. Compar Clin Pathol. (2011) 20:75-78. doi: 10.1007/s00580-009-0938-0
41. Zom RLG, van Baal J, Goselink RMA, Bakker JA, de Veth MJ, van Vuuren AM. Effect of rumen-protected choline on performance, blood metabolites, and hepatic triacylglycerols of periparturient dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. (2011) 94:4016-27. doi: 10.3168/jds.2011-4233
42. Sadovnikova A, Garcia SC, Trott JF, Mathews AT, Britton MT, Durbin-Johnson BP, et al. Transcriptomic changes underlying glucocorticoid-induced suppression of milk production by dairy cows. Front Genet. (2022) 13:1072853. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1072853
43. Lei MAC, Simões J. Invited review: ketosis diagnosis and monitoring in high-producing dairy cows. Dairy. (2021) 2:303-25. doi: 10.3390/dairy2020025
44. Mann S, McArt J, Abuelo A. Production-related metabolic disorders of cattle: ketosis, milk fever and grass staggers. In Pract. (2019) 41:205-19. doi: 10.1136/inp.l3041
45. Wu G. Chapter 27 - Management of metabolic disorders (including metabolic diseases) in ruminant and nonruminant animals. In:Bazer FW, Lamb GC, Wu G., , editors. Animal Agriculture. New York: Academic Press (2020). p. 471-491. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-817052-6.00027-6
46. García A, Cardoso CC, Campos R, Thedy DX, González FHD. Metabolic evaluation of dairy cows submitted to three different strategies to decrease the effects of negative energy balance in early post-partum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. (2011) 31:11-7. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2011001300003
47. Lean IJ, Saun RV, DeGaris PJ. Mineral and antioxidant management of transition dairy cows. Veter Clin North Am. (2013) 29:367-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.03.004
48. Duffield TF, Lissemore KD, McBride BW, Leslie KE. Impact of hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cows on health and production. J Dairy Sci. (2009) 92:571-80. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1507
49. Goff JP, Horst RL. Physiological changes at parturition and their relationship to metabolic disorders1, 2. J Dairy Sci. (1997) 80:1260-8. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76055-7
50. Herdt TH. Ruminant adaptation to negative energy balance: influences on the etiology of ketosis and fatty liver. Veter Clin North Am. (2000) 16:215-30. doi: 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30102-X
51. Rukkwamsuk T, Kruip TAM, Wensing T. Relationship between overfeeding and overconditioning in the dry period and the problems of high producing dairy cows during the postparturient period. Veter Quart. (1999) 21:71-7. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1999.9694997
52. Gillund P, Reksen O, Gröhn YT, Karlberg K. Body condition related to ketosis and reproductive performance in norwegian dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2001) 84:1390-6. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)70170-1
53. Busato A, Faissle D, Küpfer U, Blum JW. Body condition scores in dairy cows: associations with metabolic and endocrine changes in healthy dairy cows. J Veter Med A, Physiol Pathol Clin Med. (2002) 9:455-60. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.00476.x
54. Calderon DF, Cook NB. The effect of lameness on the resting behavior and metabolic status of dairy cattle during the transition period in a freestall-housed dairy herd. J Dairy Sci. (2011) 94:2883-94. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3855
55. Curtis CR, Erb HN, Sniffen CJ, Smith RD, Powers PA, Smith MC, et al. Association of parturient hypocalcemia with eight periparturient disorders in Holstein cows. J Am Veter Med Assoc. (1983) 183:559-61. doi: 10.2460/javma.1983.183.05.559
56. Zhang G, Ametaj BN. Ketosis an old story under a new approach. Dairy. (2020) 1:42-60. doi: 10.3390/dairy1010005
57. Schmitz R, Schnabel K, Frahm J, von Soosten D, Meyer U, Hüther L, et al. Effects of energy supply from roughage and concentrates and the occurrence of subclinical ketosis on blood chemistry and liver health in lactating dairy cows during early lactation. Dairy. (2021) 2:25-39. doi: 10.3390/dairy2010003
58. Issi M, Gül Y, Başbug O. Evaluation of renal and hepatic functions in cattle with subclinical and clinical ketosis. Turkish J Veter Animal Sci. (2016) 40:47-52. doi: 10.3906/vet-1505-16
59. Ferlizza E. Preliminary study on urine chemistry and protein profile in cows and heifers. Pakistan Veter J. (2020) 40:413-8. doi: 10.29261/pakvetj/2020.067
60. Satoła A, Bauer EA. Predicting subclinical ketosis in dairy cows using machine learning techniques. Animals. (2021) 11:2131. doi: 10.3390/ani11072131
61. Wagner B, Gerletti P, Fürst P, Keuth O, Bernsmann T, Martin A, et al. Transfer of cannabinoids into the milk of dairy cows fed with industrial hemp could lead to Δ9-THC exposure that exceeds acute reference dose. Nature Food. (2022) 3:921-32. doi: 10.1038/s43016-022-00623-7
62. Cascone G, Licitra F, Stamilla A, Amore S, Dipasquale M, Salonia R, et al. Subclinical ketosis in dairy herds: impact of early diagnosis and treatment. Front Veter Sci. (2022) 9:895468. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.895468
63. Cavallini D, Mammi LME, Palmonari A, García-González R, Chapman JD, McLean DJ, et al. Effect of an immunomodulatory feed additive in mitigating the stress responses in lactating dairy cows to a high concentrate diet challenge. Animals. (2022) 12:2129. doi: 10.3390/ani12162129
64. Guliński P. Ketone bodies - causes and effects of their increased presence in cows' body fluids: a review. Veterinary World. (2021) 14:1492-503. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1492-1503
65. Krzysztof M, Głowińska B. The relationship of body condition and chewing time with body weight, the level of plasma cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript, leptin and energy metabolites in cows until reaching the lactation peak. Acta Veterinaria Brno. (2020) 89:31-8. doi: 10.2754/avb202089010031
66. Djoković R, Šamanc H, Ilic Z, Kurćubić V. Blood glucose, insulin and inorganic phosphorus in healthy and ketotic dairy cows after intravenous infusion of glucose solution. Acta Veterinaria Brno. (2009) 78:449-453. doi: 10.2754/avb200978030449
67. Krempasky M, Maskalová I, Bujnak L, Vajda V. Ketone bodies in blood of dairy cows: prevalence and monitoring of subclinical ketosis. Acta Veterinaria Brno. (2014) 83:411-6. doi: 10.2754/avb201483040411
68. Serrenho RC, Williamson M, Berke O, LeBlanc SJ, DeVries TJ, McBride BW, et al. An investigation of blood, milk, and urine test patterns for the diagnosis of ketosis in dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci. (2022) 105:7719-27. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-21590
69. Faruk MS, Park BO, Ha S, Lee SS, Mamuad LL, Cho Y. Comparative study on different field tests of ketosis using blood, milk, and urine in dairy cattle. Vet Med. (2020) 65:199-206. doi: 10.17221/69/2019-VETMED
70. Bellato A, Tondo A, Dellepiane L, Dondo A, Mannelli A, Bergagna S. Estimates of dairy herd health indicators of mastitis, ketosis, inter-calving interval, and fresh cow replacement in the Piedmont region, Italy. Prev Vet Med. (2023) 212:105834. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105834
71. Wang L, Cen S, Wang G, Lee Y, Zhao J, Zhang H, et al. Acetic acid and butyric acid released in large intestine play different roles in the alleviation of constipation. J Funct Foods. (2020) 69:103953. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103953
72. Pechova A, Necasova A. The relationship between subclinical ketosis and ruminal dysfunction in dairy cows. Ann Animal Sci. (2018) 18:38. doi: 10.2478/aoas-2018-0038
73. Dhatariya KK, Glaser NS, Codner E, Umpierrez GE. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. (2020) 6:40. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0165-1
74. Enjalbert F, Nicot MC, Bayourthe C, Moncoulon R. Ketone bodies in milk and blood of dairy cows: relationship between concentrations and utilization for detection of subclinical ketosis. J Dairy Sci. (2001) 84:583-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74511-0
75. Steen A, Grønstøl H, Torjesen PA. Glucose and insulin responses to glucagon injection in dairy cows with ketotis and fatty live. J Veter Med Series A-Physiol Pathol Clin Med. (1997) 44:521-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1997.tb01138.x
76. Borchardt S, Staufenbiel R. Evaluation of the use of nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in pooled serum samples for herd-based detection of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows during the first week after parturition. J Am Vet Med Assoc. (2012) 240:1003-11. doi: 10.2460/javma.240.8.1003
77. Kumar V. Qualitative analysis of ketone bodies in urine. In: Basic Concepts in Clinical Biochemistry: A Practical Guide. Singapore: Springer (2018). p. 119-122. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-8186-6_30
78. Capel MB, Bach KD, Mann S, McArt JAA. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate propylene glycol alone or in combination with dextrose as a treatment for hyperketonemia in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2021) 104:2185-94. doi: 10.3168/jds.2020-19111
79. Gordon JL, LeBlanc SJ, Kelton DF, Herdt TH, Neuder L, Duffield TF. Randomized clinical field trial on the effects of butaphosphan-cyanocobalamin and propylene glycol on ketosis resolution and milk production. J Dairy Sci. (2017) 100:3912-21. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11926
80. Gordon JL, Duffield TF, Herdt TH, Kelton DF, Neuder L, LeBlanc SJ. Effects of a combination butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin product and insulin on ketosis resolution and milk production. J Dairy Sci. (2017) 100:2954-66. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-11925
81. Oetzel G. Parturient Paresis in Cows. (2022). Available online at: https://www.msdvetmanual.com/metabolic-disorders/disorders-of-calcium-metabolism/parturient-paresis-in-cows (accessed July, 2022).
82. Horst RL, Goff JP, Reinhardt TA, Buxton DR. Strategies for preventing milk fever in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci. (1997) 80:1269-80. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76056-9
83. DeGaris PJ, Lean IJ. Milk fever in dairy cows: a review of pathophysiology and control principles. Veter J. (2008) 176:58-69. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.029
84. Sansom B, Manston R, Vagg MJ. Magnesium and milk fever. Veter Rec. (1983) 112:447-449. doi: 10.1136/vr.112.19.447
85. Goff JP. The monitoring prevention, and treatment of milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy cows. Veter J. (2008) 176:50-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.12.020
86. Reinhardt TA, Lippolis JD, McCluskey BJ, Goff JP, Horst RL. Prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia in dairy herds. Veter J. (2010) 188:122-4. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.03.025
87. Venjakob PL, Borchardt S, Heuwieser W. Hypocalcemia— Cow-level prevalence and preventive strategies in German dairy herds. J Dairy Sci. (2017) 100:9258-66. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-12494
88. Oetzel GR. Diseases of dairy animals | non-infectious diseases: milk fever. In:Fuquay JW, , editor. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, 2nd Edn. San Diego, CA: Academic Press (2011), p. 239-45. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-374407-4.00145-X
89. Caixeta LS, Ospina PA, Capel MB, Nydam DV. Association between subclinical hypocalcemia in the first 3 days of lactation and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Theriogenology. (2017) 94:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.039
90. Wilhelm AL, Maquivar MG, Bas S, Brick TA, Weiss WP, Bothe H, et al. Effect of serum calcium status at calving on survival, health, and performance of post-partum Holstein cows and calves under certified organic management. J Dairy Sci. (2017) 100:3059-67. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-1174
91. Fehlberg LK, Pineda A, Cardoso FC. Validation of 2 urine pH measuring techniques in a prepartum negative dietary cation-anion difference diet and the relationship with production performance. JDS Commun. (2022) 3:13-8. doi: 10.3168/jdsc.2021-0130
92. Amanlou H, Akbari AP, Farsuni NE, Silva-Del-Río N. Effects of subcutaneous calcium administration at calving on mineral status, health, and production of Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci. (2016) 11:9199-210. doi: 10.3168/jds.2015-10844
93. Wilms J, Wang G, Doelman J, Jacobs M, Martín-Tereso J. Intravenous calcium infusion in a calving protocol disrupts calcium homeostasis compared with an oral calcium supplement. J Dairy Sci. (2019) 102:6056-64. doi: 10.3168/jds.2018-15754
94. Abuelo A. Hypocalcemia in dairy cattle. In:Simões J, , editor. Encyclopedia of Livestock Medicine for Large Animal and Poultry Production. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland (2025). p. 1-7. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-52133-1_48-1
95. Miltenburg CL, Duffield TF, Bienzle D, Scholtz EL, LeBlanc SJ. Randomized clinical trial of a calcium supplement for improvement of health in dairy cows in early lactation. J Dairy Sci. (2016) 99:6550-62. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-10961
96. Oetzel GR. Fresh cow metabolic diseases. In: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings (2017). doi: 10.21423/aabppro20173282
97. Staric J, Hodnik JJ. Biochemical bone markers during the transition period are not influenced by parenteral treatment with a high dose of cholecalciferol but can predict milk fever in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci. (2021) 7:591324. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.591324
98. Poindexter MB, Zimpel R, Vieira-Neto A, Husnain A, Silva ACM, Faccenda A, et al. Effect of prepartum source and amount of vitamin D supplementation on lactation performance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2023) 106:974-89. doi: 10.3168/jds.2022-22388
99. Goff JP, Koszewski NJ. Comparison of 0.46% calcium diets with and without added anions with a 07% calcium anionic diet as a means to reduce periparturient hypocalcemia. J Dairy Science. (2018) 101:5033-45. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13832
100. Oetzel GR. Management of dry cows for the prevention of milk fever and other mineral disorders. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. (2000) 16:369-86. doi: 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30110-9
101. Bhanugopan M, Lievaart JJ. Survey on the occurrence of milk fever in dairy cows and the current preventive strategies adopted by farmers in New South Wales, Australia. Aust Vet J. (2014) 92:200-5. doi: 10.1111/avj.12183
102. Patel V, Kansara J, Patel B, Patel PB, Patel SB. Prevention of milk fever: nutritional approach. Veter World. (2011) 4:278-80. doi: 10.5455/vetworld.4.278
103. Martín-Tereso J, Martens H. Calcium magnesium physiology and nutrition in relation to the prevention of milk fever and tetany (dietary management of macrominerals in preventing disease). Veter Clin North Am. (2014) 30:643-70. doi: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2014.07.007
104. Rérat M, Philipp A, Hess HD, Liesegang A. Effect of different potassium levels in hay on acid-base status and mineral balance in periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2009) 92:6123-33. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2449
105. Østergaard S, Sørensen JT, Houe H. A stochastic model simulating milk fever in a dairy herd. Prev Vet Med. (2003) 58:125-43. doi: 10.1016/S0167-5877(03)00049-7
106. Bzuneh E, Alemneh T, Getabalew M. Milk fever (parturient paresis) and its economic impact in dairy cattle production. J Vet Med Res. (2020) 7:1-8. doi: 10.47739/2378-931X/1191
107. Stewart AJ. Hypomagnesemic Tetany in Cattle and Sheep. (2022). Available online at: https://www.msdvetmanual.com/metabolic-disorders/disorders-of-magnesium-metabolism/hypomagnesemic-tetany-in-cattle-and-sheep (accessed August, 2022).
108. Martens H, Leonhard-Marek S, Röntgen M, Stumpff F. Magnesium homeostasis in cattle: absorption and excretion. Nutr Res Rev. (2018) 31:114-30. doi: 10.1017/S0954422417000257
109. Doncel B, Puentes Santisteban JD, Caffarena D, Riet-Correa F. Hypomagnesemia in beef cattle. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. (2021) 41:e06826. doi: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-6826
110. Melendez P, Lopez F, Lama J, Leon B, Pinedo P. Plasma ionized calcium and magnesium concentrations and prevalence of subclinical hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia in post-partum grazing Holstein cows from southern Chile. Vet Animal Sci. (2023) 19:100277. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2022.100277
111. Donovan GA, Steenholdt C, McGehee K, Lundquist R. Hypomagnesemia among cows in a confinement-housed dairy herd. J Am Vet Med Assoc. (2004) 224:96-9. doi: 10.2460/javma.2004.224.96
112. Goff JP. Treatment of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium balance disorders. Veter Clin North Am. (1999) 15:619-39. doi: 10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30167-5
113. Urdaz JH, Santos JEP, Jardon P, Overton MW. Importance of appropriate amounts of magnesium in rations for dairy cows. J Am Vet Med A. (2003) 222:1518-23. doi: 10.2460/javma.2003.222.1518
114. Chan PS, West JW, Bernard JK, Fernandez JM. Effects of dietary cation-anion difference on intake, milk yield, and blood components of the early lactation cow. J Dairy Sci. (2005) 88:4384-92. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73125-8
115. Boorman KN. The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock, 3rd ed. Underwood EJ, Suttle NF. Wallingford: CABI Publishing. 1999. £75.00 ISBN 0-85199-128-9. Br J Nutr. (2000) 84:393-393. doi: 10.1017/S0007114500001689
116. Martens H, Stumpff F. Assessment of magnesium intake according to requirement in dairy cows. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. (2019) 103:1023-9. doi: 10.1111/jpn.13106
117. Alsaftli Z. Hypomagnesemia tetany in cattle. Adv Dairy Res. (2017) 5:1-9. doi: 10.4172/2329-888X.1000178
118. Liu N, Qi J, An X, Wang Y. A review on information technologies applicable to precision dairy farming: focus on behavior, health monitoring, and the precise feeding of dairy cows. Agriculture. (2023) 13:1858. doi: 10.3390/agriculture13101858
119. National National Academies of Sciences Medicine E Nutrient Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. Eighth Revised Edition. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press (2021). p. 502.
120. Hodnik JJ, Ježek J, Starič J. A review of vitamin D and its importance to the health of dairy cattle. J Dairy Res. (2020) 87:84-7. doi: 10.1017/S0022029920000424
121. Eder K, Grundmann SM. Vitamin D in dairy cows: metabolism, status and functions in the immune system. Arch Anim Nutr. (2022) 76:1-33. doi: 10.1080/1745039X.2021.2017747
122. Singh AK, Kerketta S, Kumari P, Mahesh MS, Rajak SK, Ravindra Kumar. Recent developments in B-vitamin nutrition of dairy cattle. In:Mahesh MS, Yata VK., , editors. Feed Additives and Supplements for Ruminants. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore (2024). p. 399-421. doi: 10.1007/978-981-97-0794-2_17
123. Spears JW, Weiss WP. Invited review: mineral and vitamin nutrition in ruminants 1. Professional Animal Sci. (2014) 30:180-91. doi: 10.15232/S1080-7446(15)30103-
124. Elliot JM. Propionate metabolism and vitamin B12. In:Ruckebusch Y, Thivend P., , editors. Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held at Clermont — Ferrand, on 3rd-7th September, 1979. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands (1980). p. 485-503. doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-8067-2_23
125. Ringseis R, Wächter S, Cohrs I, Eder K, Grünberg W. Effect of dietary phosphorus deprivation during the dry period on the liver transcriptome of high-yielding periparturient dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. (2024) 107:5178-89. doi: 10.3168/jds.2023-24099
126. Felini R, Cavallini D, Buonaiuto G, Bordin T. Assessing the impact of thermoregulatory mineral supplementation on thermal comfort in lactating Holstein cows. Vet Animal Sci. (2024) 24:100363. doi: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100363
127. Overton M. Transition Cow Management Checklist. (2014).
128. Melendez P, Roeschmann C, Arevalo A, Moller J. The effect of oral calcium boluses at parturition on blood metabolites and milk yield in grazing Holstein cattle. Livest Sci. (2021) 248:104510. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104510
129. Kour H, Grewal RS, Singh P, Lamba JS, Kaur J, Nayyar S. Influence of dietary cation-anion differences (DCAD) on nutrient intake, milk yield and metabolic parameters of transition buffaloes. J Buffalo Sci. (2024) 13:10-23. doi: 10.6000/1927-520X.2024.13.02
130. Braun U, Blatter M, Büchi R, Hässig M. Treatment of cows with milk fever using intravenous and oral calcium and phosphorus. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd. (2012) 154:381-8. doi: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000368
TORNA INDIETRO
Eradicazione di M. hyopneumoniae nel suino: gli strumenti ci sono
I metodi storicamente impiegati per ridurre l’incidenza delle infezioni da M. hyopneumoniae non sembrano attualmente funzionare adeguatamente. I programmi di controllo per questo microrganismo si dividono in due macrocategorie: i programmi che prevedono l’eradicazione dell’agente patogeno e quelli che non la prevedono; a quest’ultima categoria appartengono le strategie che si basano su tre concetti: gestione, prevenzione e trattamento.
