Bibliografia
1. Barua S, Rana EA, Prodhan MA, Akter SH, Gogoi-Tiwari J, Sarker S, Annandale H, Eagles D, Abraham S, Uddin JM (2024) The Global Burden of Emerging and Re-Emerging Orbiviruses in Livestock: An Emphasis on Bluetongue Virus and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus. Viruses 17:20. doi: 10.3390/v17010020
2. Belbis G, Zientara S, Bréard E, Sailleau C, Caignard G, Vitour D, Attoui H (2017) Bluetongue Virus: From BTV-1 to BTV-27. In: Advances in Virus Research. Elsevier, pp 161–197
3. Calistri P, Giovannini A, Conte A, Nannini D, Santucci U, Patta C, Rolesu S, Caporale V (2004) Bluetongue in Italy: Part I. Vet Ital 40:243–251
4. Cappai S, Rolesu S, Loi F, Liciardi M, Leone A, Marcacci M, Teodori L, Mangone I, Sghaier S, Portanti O, Savini G, Lorusso A (2019) Western Bluetongue virus serotype 3 in Sardinia, diagnosis and characterization. Transbound Emerg Dis 66:1426–1431. doi: 10.1111/tbed.13156
5. De Castro E, Hulo C, Masson P, Auchincloss A, Bridge A, Le Mercier P (2024) ViralZone 2024 provides higher-resolution images and advanced virus-specific resources. Nucleic Acids Res 52:D817–D821. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkad946
6. EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (2017) Bluetongue: control, surveillance and safe movement of animals. EFSA J 15. doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4698
7. Erram D, McGregor B, Acevedo C, Alto BW, Burkett-Cadena N (2025) Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus oral infection affects midge reproduction and is vertically transmitted to offspring in Culicoides sonorensis. Sci Rep 15:16078. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-00849-y
8. Federici, Macchioni F, Chelucci L, Torracca B (2016) Epizootic haemorrhagic disease in Italy: vector competence of indigenous Culicoides species and spatial multicriteria evaluation of vulnerability. Vet Ital 52:271–279. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.894.4516.2
9. Feenstra F, Van Rijn PA (2017) Current and next-generation bluetongue vaccines: Requirements, strategies, and prospects for different field situations. Crit Rev Microbiol 43:142–155. doi: 10.1080/1040841X.2016.1186005
10. Forzan M, Marsh M, Roy P (2007) Bluetongue Virus Entry into Cells. J Virol 81:4819–4827. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02284-06
11. Hudson AR, McGregor BL, Shults P, England M, Silbernagel C, Mayo C, Carpenter M, Sherman TJ, Cohnstaedt LW (2023) Culicoides -borne Orbivirus epidemiology in a changing climate. J Med Entomol 60:1221–1229. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjad098
12. Jiménez-Cabello L, Utrilla-Trigo S, Lorenzo G, Ortego J, Calvo-Pinilla E (2023) Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus: Current Knowledge and Emerging Perspectives. Microorganisms 11:1339. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11051339
13. Lorusso A, Cappai S, Loi F, Pinna L, Ruiu A, Puggioni G, Guercio A, Purpari G, Vicari D, Sghaier S, Zientara S, Spedicato M, Hammami S, Ben Hassine T, Portanti O, Breard E, Sailleu C, Ancora M, Di Sabatino D, Morelli D, Calistri P, Savini G (2023) Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus Serotype 8, Italy, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 29. doi: 10.3201/eid2905.221773
14. Lorusso A, Sghaier S, Ancora M, Marcacci M, Di Gennaro A, Portanti O, Mangone I, Teodori L, Leone A, Camma’ C, Petrini A, Hammami S, Savini G (2014) Molecular epidemiology of bluetongue virus serotype 1 circulating in Italy and its connection with northern Africa. Infect Genet Evol 28:144–149. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.014
15. Maclachlan NJ (2011) Bluetongue: History, global epidemiology, and pathogenesis. Prev Vet Med 102:107–111. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.04.005
16. Maclachlan NJ, Zientara S, Savini G, Daniels PW (2015) Epizootic haemorrhagic disease. Revue Scientifique et Technique de OIE. doi: 10.20506/rst.34.2.2361
17. Maclachlan NJ, Zientara S, Wilson WC, Richt JA, Savini G (2019) Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses: recent developments with these globally re-emerging arboviral infections of ruminants. Curr Opin Virol 34:56–62. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.12.005
18. Martínez R (2025) From Africa to Europe: the rise of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 8. Vet Ital 61:1. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.3793.35560.1
19. Mayo, Macchioni F, Chelucci L, Torracca B (2016) Overwintering of Bluetongue virus in temperate zones. Vet Ital 52:243–246. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.521.2473.3
20. Nayduch D, Cohnstaedt LW, Saski C, Lawson D, Kersey P, Fife M, Carpenter S (2014) Studying Culicoides vectors of BTV in the post-genomic era: resources, bottlenecks to progress and future directions. Virus Res 182:43–49. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.12.009
21. Quaglia M (2023) Culicoides species responsible for the transmission of Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease virus (EHDV) serotype 8 in Italy. Vet Ital 59:83–88. doi: 10.12834/VetIt.3347.22208.1
22. Roy P (2020) Bluetongue virus assembly and exit pathways. In: Advances in Virus Research. Elsevier, pp 249–273
23. Saegerman C, Berkvens D, Mellor PS (2008) Bluetongue Epidemiology in the European Union. Emerg Infect Dis 14:539–544. doi: 10.3201/eid1404.071441
24. Sailleau C, Zanella G, Breard E, Viarouge C, Desprat A, Vitour D, Adam M, Lasne L, Martrenchar A, Bakkali-Kassimi L, Costes L, Zientara S (2012) Co-circulation of bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses in cattle in Reunion Island. Vet Microbiol 155:191–197. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.09.006
25. Saminathan M, Singh KP, Khorajiya JH, Dinesh M, Vineetha S, Maity M, Rahman AF, Misri J, Malik YS, Gupta VK, Singh RK, Dhama K (2020) An updated review on bluetongue virus: epidemiology, pathobiology, and advances in diagnosis and control with special reference to India. Vet Q 40:258–321. doi: 10.1080/01652176.2020.1831708
26. Samy AM, Peterson AT (2016) Climate Change Influences on the Global Potential Distribution of Bluetongue Virus. PLOS ONE 11:e0150489. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150489
27. Savini G, Afonso A, Mellor P, Aradaib I, Yadin H, Sanaa M, Wilson W, Monaco F, Domingo M (2011) Epizootic haemorragic disease. Res Vet Sci 91:1–17. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.05.004
28. Shope RE, MacNamara LG, Mangold R (1955) Epizzotic Haemorragic Disease ofdeer. N J Outdoors
29. Spreull J (1905) Malarial Catarrhal Fever (Bluetongue) of Sheep in South Africa. J Comp Pathol Ther 18:321–337. doi: 10.1016/S0368-1742(05)80073-6
30. Wilson A, Darpel K, Mellor PS (2008) Where Does Bluetongue Virus Sleep in the Winter? PLoS Biol 6:e210. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0060210
TORNA INDIETRO
Eradicazione di M. hyopneumoniae nel suino: gli strumenti ci sono
I metodi storicamente impiegati per ridurre l’incidenza delle infezioni da M. hyopneumoniae non sembrano attualmente funzionare adeguatamente. I programmi di controllo per questo microrganismo si dividono in due macrocategorie: i programmi che prevedono l’eradicazione dell’agente patogeno e quelli che non la prevedono; a quest’ultima categoria appartengono le strategie che si basano su tre concetti: gestione, prevenzione e trattamento.